Suzi Woods

Queen Elizabeth I took Parliament by surprise when she began her speech of November 30, 1601. They had expected a discussion of the nation’s economic situation, but instead she announced this speech would be her last as Queen. She drew tears from some...

This Aristotelian treatise makes up part of the philosopher’s Parva Naturalia, which is Latin for “short treatises on nature.” In this text, he presents his ideas about the human senses. He connects each sense to an element—sight to water, touch to...

Aristotle is known as the “Father of Western Philosophy.” While his greatest contributions to the world lay in philosophy, logic, and ethics, he also wrote scientific texts. In “On the Motion of Animals,” Aristotle presents a theory regarding animal...

Elizabeth I became queen in 1558. In 1559, a worried Parliament petitioned her to marry so she may produce an heir, and she responded by courteously telling them she would do as she saw fit. With the queen still unmarried, they repeated their plea in...

Queen Elizabeth delivered this speech to the soldiers at Tilbury as they prepared to face the Spanish Armada. Leaving her body guard behind, she walked among the men in a symbolic act of solidarity. She told them, “I know I have the body of a weak,...

St. Teresa of Avila was a Carmelite nun, Spanish mystic, and reformer in the sixteenth century. She claims to have received visions from God, which are the subject of her written work. In this text, she emphasizes the importance of living a...

When two friends wander down a maze of underground tunnels, they stumble upon the entrance to another world populated with a race of advanced humanoid beings. These beautiful subterranean creatures hold immense power in the form of Vril energy, and...